External Water-Related Funding Opportunities

Below are links to funding opportunities that may be of interest to the water and watersheds community. To add information to this list, please email iww@oregonstate.edu.

Funding opportunities are listed by due date.

Continuous Submission

NSF Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI).: Description: This solicitation targets high-risk/high-gain research with a focus on fundamental topics, new approaches to solving generic problems, development of innovative collaborative industry-university educational programs, and direct transfer of new knowledge between academe and industry. Types of awards include: faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and students to conduct research and gain experience in an industrial setting; industrial scientists and engineers to bring industry's perspective and integrative skills to academe; and interdisciplinary university-industry teams to conduct research projects.
Funding Details:
US DOT Federal Highway Administration - Transportation Environmental Research Program.: Description: The FHWA welcomes submissions on many environmental topic areas including: Environmental Laws, Environmental Planning and Management, Global Climate Change, Hazardous Materials, Public Involvement, Stormwater Constituents, Water Quality, and Wetlands. For a complete description of the research topic areas, see the Program Information (Section 3 of the Appendix).
Funding Details: TERP grants awards of approximately $20,000 to $50,000 and requires a 20% match. Project duration is from 6 months to 2 years.

November 2009

9 November 2009. 2009 Request for Initial Proposals for TMDL Grants.: Description: EPA Region 10, Office of Water and Watersheds, Watersheds Unit, is soliciting proposals from eligible agencies/organizations for the coordination and acceleration of research, studies, experiments, investigations and demonstration projects to improve the capacity of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington States and Tribes to effectively and efficiently develop TMDLs (surface water clean-up plans) for impaired waters located in these States.
Funding Details: expected range of award of $25,000 - $80,000
16 November 2009. OSU Faculty Release Time.: Description: The Faculty Release Time program provides limited funding for individuals developing external grant proposals or who wish to further their scholarly activities.
Funding Details: Award amounts range between $3,500 and $6,000.
16 November 2009. NSF Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) in Engineering (Preproposal due: 28 September 2009).: Description: This program supports the active involvement of K-12 teachers and community college faculty in engineering research in order to bring knowledge of engineering and technological innovation into their classrooms. This announcement features two mechanisms for support of in-service and pre-service K-12 teachers and/or community college faculty: RET supplements to ongoing ENG awards and new RET Site awards. RET supplements may be included in proposals for new or renewed NSF Directorate for Engineering (ENG) grants or as supplements to ongoing NSF ENG funded projects. Letters of Intent due to the OSU research office September 28.
17 November 2009. NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH).: Description: This competition promotes quantitative, interdisciplinary analyses of relevant human and natural system processes and complex interactions among human and natural systems at diverse scales. Projects usually have three components: an integrated, quantitative systems-level method of inquiry, an education component, and a global perspective.
Funding Details: Grants are for up to $1.5M.
19 November 2009. Water Reuse Foundation: The Effect of Prior Knowledge of ‘Unplanned’ Potable Reuse on the Acceptance of ‘Planned’ Potable Reuse (WRF-09-01).: Description: The objective of this project is to investigate if community knowledge and awareness of ‘unplanned' indirect potable water reuse (IPR) through the discharge of treated wastewater into the raw water supply improves their acceptance of ‘planned' IPR.
19 November 2009. Water Reuse Foundation Utilization of HACCP Approach for Evaluating Integrity of Treatment Barriers for Reuse (WRF-09-03).: Description: This project seeks to investigate and develop an alternative approach for managing and monitoring microbial water quality of reclaimed water effluent through the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) process. A key component of this study will be documenting the applicability of HACCP for risk management, monitoring, and control of reclaimed water processes.
30 November 2009. NSF: Environmental Chemical Sciences (ECS).: Description: This program supports basic research in chemistry that promotes the understanding of natural and anthropogenic chemical processes in our environment. Projects supported by this program enable fundamentally new avenues of basic research and transformative technologies. Topics include studies of environmental surfaces and interfaces under laboratory conditions, the fundamental properties of water and water solutions important in environmental processes, dissolution, composition, origin and behavior of molecular scale systems under a variety of naturally occurring environmental conditions, chemical reactivity of synthetic nanoparticles and their molecular level interactions with the environment, and application of theoretical models and computational approaches to discover and predict environmental phenomena at the molecular scale.

December 2009

5 December 2009. NSF Hydrologic Science.: Description: Hydrologic Sciences focuses on the flow of water and transport processes within streams, soils, and aquifers. Particular attention is given to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of fluxes and storages of water and chemicals over a wide range of scales, to geolimnology and to interfaces with the landscape, microbial communities, and coastal areas. Studies may also deal with processes in aqueous geochemistry and with the physical, chemical, and biological processes within water bodies. Study of these processes requires expertise from many basic sciences and mathematics, and proposals often require joint review with related programs.
18 December 2009. Indian Tribes and Intertribal Consortia for Nonpoint Source Management Under Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 319.: Description: This is a Request for Proposals from Indian Tribes for competitive grants under section 319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). The purpose of this grant program is to provide funding for Tribes to implement their nonpoint source (NPS) management programs developed pursuant to CWA section 319(b). The primary goal of the NPS management program is to control NPS pollution through implementation of management measures and practices to reduce pollutant loadings resulting from each category or subcategory of NPSs identified in the Tribe’s NPS assessment report developed pursuant to CWA section 319(a). EPA has set aside a portion of section 319 funds appropriated by Congress for competitive grant awards to Tribes for the purpose of funding the development and implementation of watershed-based plans and other on-the-ground watershed projects that result in a significant step towards solving NPS impairments on a watershed-wide basis.
Preproposal due: 22 December 2009. NIH Engineered Nanomaterials: Linking Physical and Chemical Properties to Biology (U19) (Full Proposal due: 22 January 2010).: Description: The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences invites applications that will (1) determine which physical or chemical characteristic of an engineered nanomaterial (ENM), or cluster of characteristics, is integral to ENM-molecular interactions in a cellular process or organ system and (2) relate these findings to potential health effects. NIEHS recognizes that three types of activities need to converge to accomplish this research agenda. The first activity should focus on a detailed understanding of how physical and chemical characteristics of ENMs influence their molecular interactions at the cellular level, while the second activity should determine how the physical and chemical characteristics critical to that interaction are associated with any observed physiological or pathobiological events. The third activity will capitalize on these multidisciplinary efforts through integration of biochemical, molecular, and physiological mechanisms to expand traditional hazard identification and health risk assessment. An extraordinary level of synergy, integration, and potential for advancement of ENM hazard identification and risk assessment is expected.
Funding Details: Direct costs up to $750k over 5 years.

January 2010

4 January 2010. USEPA P3 Award: A National Student Design Competition for Sustainability Focusing on People, Prosperity and the Planet.: Description: The P3 Award Program is composed of two phases that award grants on a competitive basis. The first phase of the P3 Award Program is a competition for one-year grants of up to $10,000 to test scientific hypotheses and principles by developing scientific or engineering designs that will promote sustainable development. Phase I grant recipients will be eligible to apply for Phase 2, $75k, two year grants.
Funding Details: Phase 1: one-year grants of up to $10,000.
9 January 2010. NSF Biological Sciences - Ecosystem Science Cluster - Ecosystem Studies Program.: Description: Supports investigations of whole-system ecological processes and relationships in ecosystems across a diversity of spatial and temporal (including paleo) scales. Proposals may focus on areas such as: biogeochemistry; decomposition of organic matter; belowground nutrient cycling and energy flow; primary productivity; radiatively active gas flux; element budgets on watershed, regional, continental, or global scales; relationships between diversity and ecosystem function; ecosystem services; and landscape dynamics. Inter- and multi-disciplinary proposals that fall across traditional programmatic boundaries are welcomed and encouraged.
11 January 2010. NSF Research Initiation Grants to Broaden Participation in Biology.: Description: Currently, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are under-represented in biology. These grants are intended to increase the diversity of researchers who apply for and receive BIO funding to initiate research programs early in their careers.
Funding Details: Awards are for 24 months and are limited to $175,000 total costs (direct plus indirect) with up to an additional $25,000 for equipment (maximum total award amount of $200,000).
13 January 2010. NSF Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI).: Description: This program seeks to improve the quality of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education for all undergraduate students. The program supports efforts to create new learning materials and teaching strategies, develop faculty expertise, implement educational innovations, assess learning and evaluate innovations, and conduct research on STEM teaching and learning. The program supports three types of projects representing three different phases of development, ranging from small, exploratory investigations to large, comprehensive projects.
15 January 2010. The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund.: Description: This program supports mission-oriented cooperative agricultural research projects of mutual interest to the United States and Israel. Among the six priority research areas is Biotic Protection of Animal and Plant Crops; Water Quality and Quantity; Functional Genomics and Proteomics; and Engineering of Sensors, Robotics.
Funding Details: The average BARD grant is $300,000 for a three- year award.
15 January 2010. NSF Pan-American Advanced Studies Institutes Program (PASI).: Description: The Pan American Advanced Study Institutes (PASI) Program, is a jointly supported initiative between the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). Pan American Advanced Studies Institutes are short courses ranging in length from ten days to one month duration, involving lectures, demonstrations, research seminars and discussions at the advanced graduate and post-doctoral level. PASIs aim to disseminate advanced scientific and engineering knowledge and stimulate training and cooperation among researchers of the Americas in the mathematical, physical, and biological sciences, and in engineering fields. Whenever feasible, an interdisciplinary approach is recommended.
Funding Details: The cost for any one Institute is expected to range from $70,000 to $90,000, and may not exceed $100,000, aside from contributions from other sources.
15 January 2010. NSF Geography and Spatial Sciences.: Description: The Geography and Regional Science (GRS) Program sponsors research on the geographic distributions and interactions of human, physical, and biotic systems on the Earth's surface. Investigations are encouraged into the nature, causes, and consequences of human activity and natural environmental processes across a range of scales. Projects on a variety of topics (both domestic and international) qualify for support if they offer promise of contributing to scholarship by enhancing geographical knowledge, concepts, theories, methods, and their application to societal problems and concerns. Support also is provided for projects that explicitly integrate undergraduate and graduate education into the overall research agenda. Doctoral dissertation improvement grants are also available with distinct application deadlines.
16 January 2010. NSF Division of Earth Sciences - Geobiology and Low-Temperature Geochemistry Program.: Description: This program encourages studies of 1) the interactions between biological and geological systems at all scales of space and time; 2) geomicrobiology and biomineralization processes; 3) the role of life in the evolution of the Earth's system; 4) inorganic and organic geochemical processes occurring at or near the earth's surface now and in the past, and at the broad spectrum of interfaces ranging in scale from planetary and regional to mineral-surface and supramolecular; 5) mineralogy and chemistry of soils and sediments; 6) surficial chemical and biogeochemical systems and cycles and their modification through natural and anthropogenic change; and 7) development of tools, methods, and models for low-temperature geochemistry and geobiological research. GG facilitates cross-disciplinary efforts to harness new bioanalytical tools - such as those emerging from molecular biology - in the study of the terrestrial environment.
16 January 2010. NSF Geomorphology and Land Use Dynamics.: Description: This program supports innovative research into processes that shape and modify landscapes over a variety of length and time scales. The program encourages research that investigates quantitatively the coupling and feedback between such processes, their rates, and their relative roles, especially in the contexts of variation in climatic and tectonic forcings and in light of changes due to human impact.
18 January 2010. NSF Decision, Risk and Management Sciences.: Description: This program supports scientific research directed at increasing the understanding and effectiveness of decision making by individuals, groups, organizations, and society. Disciplinary and interdisciplinary research, doctoral dissertation research, and workshops are funded in the areas of judgment and decision making; decision analysis and decision aids; risk analysis, perception, and communication; societal and public policy decision making; management science and organizational design. The program also supports small grants for exploratory research of a time-critical or high-risk, potentially transformative nature.
20 January 2010. NSF Basic Research to Enable Agricultural Development (BREAD) Program.: Description: The BREAD Program will support basic research in US academic institutions and non-profit research organizations with partner institutions in other countries, including developing countries. Projects that meet the BREAD program goals would include those that develop science-based concepts, derived from basic research, for improving current agricultural crops, developing new crops, increasing crop productivity, developing efficient production practices or novel technologies. The program will welcome novel, imaginative, and creative ideas from individuals and groups of scientists in all fields of science and engineering as long as the outcomes of the proposed work meet the program objectives.
20 January 2010. USDA National Institute of Food & Agriculture: Disaster Resilience for Rural Communities.: Description: There is much research on vulnerability and resilience in urban communities, but much less about how rural communities and their residents are responding to natural and man-made hazards. The long term goal of this program is to advance basic research in engineering and in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences on enhancing disaster resilience in rural communities.
22 January 2010. Mazamas Standard Research Grant.: Description: The Mazamas is a 3,000 member Oregon mountaineering organization headquartered in Portland. Their organization supports research projects in keeping with the purposes of the Mazamas, including the investigation of geologic features, biotic communities, and human endeavors pertaining to mountains, forests, rivers, and lakes.
Funding Details: Up to $3000, They also offer $1500 graduate student awards.
22 January 2010. NSF: Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences.: Description: The purpose of the Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences (CMG) activity is to enable collaborative research at the intersection of mathematical sciences and geosciences, and to encourage cross-disciplinary education. Projects should fall within one of three broad themes: (1) mathematical and statistical modeling of complex geosystems, (2) understanding and quantifying uncertainty in geosystems, or (3) analyzing large/complex geoscience data sets. Research projects supported under this activity must be essentially collaborative in nature. Research groups must include at least one mathematical/statistical scientist and at least one geoscientist. Proposals that address problems with relevance to global change and sustainability are especially encouraged.
22 January 2010. NIH Engineered Nanomaterials: Linking Physical and Chemical Properties to Biology (U19) (Preproposal due: 22 December 2009).: Description: The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences invites applications that will (1) determine which physical or chemical characteristic of an engineered nanomaterial (ENM), or cluster of characteristics, is integral to ENM-molecular interactions in a cellular process or organ system and (2) relate these findings to potential health effects. NIEHS recognizes that three types of activities need to converge to accomplish this research agenda. The first activity should focus on a detailed understanding of how physical and chemical characteristics of ENMs influence their molecular interactions at the cellular level, while the second activity should determine how the physical and chemical characteristics critical to that interaction are associated with any observed physiological or pathobiological events. The third activity will capitalize on these multidisciplinary efforts through integration of biochemical, molecular, and physiological mechanisms to expand traditional hazard identification and health risk assessment. An extraordinary level of synergy, integration, and potential for advancement of ENM hazard identification and risk assessment is expected.
Funding Details: Direct costs up to $750k over 5 years.
28 January 2010. USDA NIFA International Science and Education (ISE) Competitive Grants Program .: Description: International Science and Education Grants Program The International Science and Education Competitive Grants Program (ISE) supports research, extension, and teaching activities that will enhance the capabilities of American colleges and universities to conduct international collaborative research, extension and teaching. ISE projects are expected to enhance the international content of curricula; ensure that faculty work beyond the U.S. and bring lessons learned back home; promote international research partnerships; enhance the use and application of foreign technologies in the U.S.; and strengthen the role that colleges and universities play in maintaining U.S. competitiveness. Deadline 28 Jan.
Funding Details: Up to $150k

February 2010 and Beyond

2 February 2010. USEPA NCER: Increasing Scientific Data on the Fate, Transport and Behavior of Engineered Nanomaterials in Selected Environmental and Biological Matrices.: Description: Proposals must address one of two areas:following two areas: 1. Evaluation of potential exposures to engineered nanomaterials including an exploration of environmental and biological fate, transport, and transformation of these materials throughout their lifetimes; and 2. Increasing the scientific understanding of engineered nanoscale additives and ingredients intentionally introduced into food matrices for delivery of important micronutrients and modification of sensory attributes.
Funding Details: Up to a total of $600,000, including direct and indirect costs, with a maximum duration of 4 years.
10 February 2010. NSF Earth Sciences: Instrumentation and Facilities (EAR/IF).: Description: Supports meritorious requests within and across Earth science disciplines. EAR/IF will consider proposals for: 1) Acquisition or Upgrade of Research Equipment; 2) Development of New Instrumentation, Analytical Techniques or Software ; 3) Support of National or Regional Multi-User Facilities; 4) Support of Research Technicians; (5) Development of Cyberinfrastructure for the Earth Sciences (Geoinformatics). Planned research uses of requested instruments must include basic research on solid-Earth and surface-Earth processes.
Funding Details: Contact NSF if more than $500K.
16 February 2010. USDA NIFA Higher Education Program: Hispanic-Serving Institutions Education Grants Program.: Description: This competitive grants program is intended to promote and strengthen the ability of Hispanic-Serving Institutions to carry out higher education programs in the food and agricultural sciences. Programs aim to attract outstanding students and produce graduates capable of enhancing the Nation's food and agricultural scientific and professional work force.
Funding Details: Up to $500k
2 March 2010. NSF Undergraduate Research and Mentoring in the Biological Sciences (URM) (Preproposal due: 15 September 2009).: Description: Support will be provided to academic institutions to establish innovative programs to engage undergraduates in a year-round research and mentoring activity. Particular emphasis will be placed on broadening participation of members of groups historically underrepresented in science and engineering.
3 March 2010. NSF Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) - Environmental Sustainability.: Description: This program supports engineering research that seeks to balance society's need to provide ecological protection and maintain stable economic conditions. Research is encouraged to advance the next generation of water and wastewater treatment that will decrease material and energy use, consider new paradigms for delivery of services, and promote longer life for engineered systems. Other activities of interest include: Advancing engineering methods to promote smart growth strategies, Integrating economic development and protection of natural resources, Regenerating ecological functions of degraded environments, Understanding how large complex environmental systems behave, and Developing effective principles for adaptive management of such systems. This program received supplemental funds through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
Funding Details: Average individual awards $100K.
3 March 2010. NSF Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems: Biosensing.: Description: The program is targeting research in the area of the monitoring, identification, and/or quantification of biological phenomena and will support potential technological breakthroughs that exist at the intersection of engineering, life science, and information technology. Projects submitted to the Program must advance both engineering and life sciences.The Biosensing program primarily supports innovative fundamental and applied research with applications to the biomedical, food safety, energy, environmental, and security needs.
Funding Details: The typical award size for the program is $100k for individual investigators or $200k for multiple investigators per year (including indirect cost). Small equipment proposals will also be accepted.
10 March 2010. NSF Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET) - Fluid Dynamics.: Description: Topics include: hydrodynamic stability; transitional flows and turbulence; Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid mechanics; sediment transport, waves and coastal engineering; multi-scale, multi-phenomena models and computations; bio-fluid mechanics, micro and nanoscale flow phenomena, and microfluidics. Proposed research should contribute to the basic understanding of fluid dynamics, thus enabling the better design, predictability, efficiency and control of systems that involve fluids. Proposals addressing innovative uses of fluids in materials development, manufacturing, biotechnology, nanotechnology, clinical diagnostics and drug delivery, sensors development and integration, energy and the environment, are encouraged.
Preproposal due: 20 April 2010. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education (Full Proposal due: 4 June 2010).: Description: This program provides funding for graduate students in NSF-supported science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines to bring their leading research practice and findings into K-12 learning settings. Funding can be used for graduate student fellowships, K-12 teacher professional development and program development at the university to enhance graduate education.
Funding Details: Up to $600k for five years.
Preproposal due: 20 April 2010. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education (Full Proposal due: 4 June 2010).: Description: This program provides funding for graduate students in NSF-supported science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines to bring their leading research practice and findings into K-12 learning settings. Funding can be used for graduate student fellowships, K-12 teacher professional development and program development at the university to enhance graduate education.
Funding Details: Up to $600k for five years.
1 July 2010. NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowships (EAR-PF).: Description: The Division of Earth Sciences (EAR) awards Postdoctoral Fellowships to highly qualified investigators within 3 years of obtaining their PhD to carry out an integrated program of independent research and education. The research and education plans of each fellowship must address scientific questions within the scope of EAR disciplines. The program supports researchers for a period of up to 2 years with fellowships that can be taken to the institution or national facility of their choice. The program is intended to recognize beginning investigators of significant potential, and provide them with experience in research and education that will establish them in leadership positions in the Earth Sciences community. Because the fellowships are offered only to postdoctoral scientists early in their career, doctoral advisors are encouraged to discuss the availability of EAR fellowships with their graduate students early in their doctoral programs. Fellowships are awards to individuals, not institutions, and are administered by the Fellows.
5 July 2010. NSF Directorate for Biological Sciences - Research Coordination Networks in Biological Sciences (RCN).: Description: The goal of this program is to encourage and foster interactions among scientists to create new research directions or advance a field. Innovative ideas for implementing novel networking strategies are especially encouraged. Groups of investigators will be supported to communicate and coordinate their research, training and educational activities across disciplinary, organizational, institutional, and geographical boundaries. The proposed networking activities should have a theme as a focus of its collaboration. The focus could be on a broad research question, a specific group of organisms, or particular technologies or approaches. This year, the The Undergraduate Biology Education track in the Research Coordination Network program has an incubator program this year where they will award one year, $50k awards that will enhance communication and coordination among scientists and educators who are exploring new approaches to enhance undergraduate biology education. Refer to the Dear Colleague letter: http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2009/nsf09057/nsf09057.jsp?govDel=USNSF_25
Preproposal due: 14 July 2010. NSF Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) (Full Proposal due: 12 August 2010).: Description: This program makes grants to institutions of higher education to support scholarships for academically talented, financially needy students, enabling them to enter the workforce following completion of an associate; baccalaureate; or graduate-level degree in science and engineering disciplines. Grantee institutions are responsible for selecting scholarship recipients, reporting demographic information about student scholars, and managing the S-STEM project at the institution. Letters of Intent are optional.
Preproposal due: 14 July 2010. NSF Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) (Full Proposal due: 12 August 2010).: Description: This program makes grants to institutions of higher education to support scholarships for academically talented, financially needy students, enabling them to enter the workforce following completion of an associate; baccalaureate; or graduate-level degree in science and engineering disciplines. Grantee institutions are responsible for selecting scholarship recipients, reporting demographic information about student scholars, and managing the S-STEM project at the institution. Letters of Intent are optional.
15 September 2010. Developing Global Scientists and Engineers (International Research Experiences for Students (IRES).: Description: The program supports groups of U.S. undergraduate or graduate students conducting research abroad in collaboration with foreign investigators. The goal is to educate a globally-engaged science and engineering workforce capable of performing in an international research environment in order to remain at the forefront of world science and technology.
Funding Details: The maximum award size is $50,000 per year for up to three years and is primarily for student expenses.
9 October 2010. NSF Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation 2009.: Description: The Directorate for Engineering at the National Science Foundation has established the Office of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (EFRI) to serve a critical role in focusing on important emerging areas in a timely manner. The EFRI Office is launching a new funding opportunity for interdisciplinary teams of researchers to embark on rapidly advancing frontiers of fundamental engineering research. For this solicitation, we will consider proposals that aim to investigate emerging frontiers in the following two specific research areas: (1) BioSensing & BioActuation: Interface of Living and Engineered Systems (BSBA), and (2) Hydrocarbons from Biomass (HyBi). EFRI seeks proposals with transformative ideas that represent an opportunity for a significant shift in fundamental engineering knowledge with a strong potential for long term impact on national needs or a grand challenge. The proposals must also meet the detailed requirements delineated in this solicitation. Dates shown are for letter of intent and preliminary proposals. Full proposals due: March 31, 2010.

Institute for Water and Watersheds